Skeletal System
Major Functions:
Support- provides structural support for the entire body.
Protection- surrounds soft tissue, skull protects the brain.
Movement- skeletal muscle is attached to bone so it pulls on the bone when it contracts.
Mineral Homeostasis- stores calcium and phosphorus, minerals are released into the blood when needed
Blood cell production- red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and other blood elements.
Storage- storage of minerals and lipids.
Cranium- includes protection of the brain and support of the face.
Clavicle- serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb are suspended, an arrangement that keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the arm has maximum range of movement.
Humeras- connects the body through the scapula.
Scapula- bone that connects the humeras with the clavicle.
Sternum- protects the heart, lungs, and blood vessels from the physical damage.
Rib- protects the vital organs and blood vessels, and expands and contracts to allow for efficient breathing.
Vertebra- protects the spinal cord.
Ulna- extends through the forearm from the elbow to the wrist.
Radius- extends through the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna.
Carpals- One of the bones of the finger or toe, also called phalanx.
Metacarpal- Any of the bones of the palm
Carpal- Any of the eight bones of the wrist
Femur- supports the weight of the body and allowing motion of the lower extremity.
Patella- knee extension
Tibia- bears much of the body's weight and plays an essential role in movement and locomotion
Fibula- shin bone
Tarsals- strong wight bearing platform
Metatarsals- connected to the bones of the toe
Protection- surrounds soft tissue, skull protects the brain.
Movement- skeletal muscle is attached to bone so it pulls on the bone when it contracts.
Mineral Homeostasis- stores calcium and phosphorus, minerals are released into the blood when needed
Blood cell production- red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and other blood elements.
Storage- storage of minerals and lipids.
Cranium- includes protection of the brain and support of the face.
Clavicle- serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb are suspended, an arrangement that keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the arm has maximum range of movement.
Humeras- connects the body through the scapula.
Scapula- bone that connects the humeras with the clavicle.
Sternum- protects the heart, lungs, and blood vessels from the physical damage.
Rib- protects the vital organs and blood vessels, and expands and contracts to allow for efficient breathing.
Vertebra- protects the spinal cord.
Ulna- extends through the forearm from the elbow to the wrist.
Radius- extends through the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna.
Carpals- One of the bones of the finger or toe, also called phalanx.
Metacarpal- Any of the bones of the palm
Carpal- Any of the eight bones of the wrist
Femur- supports the weight of the body and allowing motion of the lower extremity.
Patella- knee extension
Tibia- bears much of the body's weight and plays an essential role in movement and locomotion
Fibula- shin bone
Tarsals- strong wight bearing platform
Metatarsals- connected to the bones of the toe
Joints:
Joints Hinge- Located in the ankles, elbow, and knee joints. Hinge joints are formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend.
Pivot- Provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm against the upper arm, a movement used, for instance, in unscrewing the lid of a jar.
Ball-and-socket- Examples of this form of articulation are found in the hip, where the rounded head of the femur rests in the cup-like incunabulum of the pelvis.
Bone Marrow
Bone Marrow Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of the bones in the body, including the hip and thigh bones. Bone marrow contains immature cells, called stem cells.
Red Marrow:
Ossification
Ossification is the process in which cartilage is transformed into bone. Bone grows in three stages: first, tissue forms a mesh of collagen fibers, then the body creates a polysaccharide that acts like cement to hold the tissues together. Finally, calcium crystals salts are deposited to form bone.
Bone Marrow Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of the bones in the body, including the hip and thigh bones. Bone marrow contains immature cells, called stem cells.
Red Marrow:
- Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
- Gets its red color from the hemoglobin in the erythroid cells
- Hematopoietic cells mature and migrate into sinusoids to enter the circulation when they are formed
- Highly vascular
- Produces fat, cartilage, and bone
- Gets its yellow color from the carotenoids in the fat droplets in the high number of fat cells
- Paucity of vasculature
Ossification
Ossification is the process in which cartilage is transformed into bone. Bone grows in three stages: first, tissue forms a mesh of collagen fibers, then the body creates a polysaccharide that acts like cement to hold the tissues together. Finally, calcium crystals salts are deposited to form bone.
Diseases
Osteoporosis- This is a disease in which the bones become fragile and prone to fracture.
Leukemia- This is a cancer of the white blood cells.
Osteoporosis- This is a disease in which the bones become fragile and prone to fracture.
Leukemia- This is a cancer of the white blood cells.